Both the government and rebel forces in Syria have committed war crimes, according to the latest report on the country by the UN’s Commission of Inquiry on Syria.

The report found that government forces and the government backed militia known as Shabbiha have committed “crimes against humanity, war crimes, and gross human rights violations” including torture, arbitrary arrest and sexual violence.

Anti-government forces have committed war crimes mostly directed at regime members, although the chair of the commission, Paulo Pinheiro, admitted these “did not reach the gravity, frequency and scale” of those committed in the name of the government.